--- description: "EU CBAM simplification: a 50-tonne yearly threshold replaced the €150 exemption, the deadline moved to 30 September and the quarterly holding fell to 50%." title: "EU CBAM simplification: what Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 changed" image: "https://greenfineprint.com/card/articles/cbam-simplification-changes.png?v=132z94g" url: "https://greenfineprint.com/articles/cbam-simplification-changes" --- Decode 3 min read # EU CBAM simplification: what Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 changed By [Clara Christ](https://greenfineprint.com/editors/clara-christ) and [Cenker Karagöz](https://greenfineprint.com/editors/cenker-karagoz) Published 21 Oct 2026 Status as of 25 Oct 2026 What changed Regulation (EU) 2025/2083, in force since 20 October 2025, replaced the €150-per-consignment exemption with a yearly 50-tonne threshold per importer, moved declaration and surrender from 31 May to 30 September, made certificate sales start on 1 February 2027 and cut the quarterly holding from 80% to 50%. Who is affected Companies that import CBAM goods into the EU, the indirect customs representatives that lodge customs declarations on their behalf, and producers outside the EU that supply them. What to do Check your yearly tonnage against the 50-tonne threshold. If you expect to cross it, apply for authorisation and hold the status before you do, and plan for certificate purchases from 1 February 2027. Deadline 30 Sep 2027 First CBAM declaration and certificate surrender, for goods imported in 2026 Part of [CBAM](https://greenfineprint.com/regulations/cbam) In force Change pending definitive period since 1 January 2026 The simplification of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), [Regulation (EU) 2025/2083](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32025R2083), has been in force since 20 October 2025 [1](#src-1). It rewrote parts of CBAM before its definitive period started on 1 January 2026 [14](#src-14). It exempts small importers, moves the yearly deadline four months later and lowers the share of certificates you must hold during the year [3](#src-3)[5](#src-5)[6](#src-6)[8](#src-8). CBAM puts a carbon price on imports of cement, iron and steel, aluminium, fertilisers, electricity and hydrogen, under the CBAM Regulation ([Regulation (EU) 2023/956](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020)) [15](#src-15). Our [CBAM overview](https://greenfineprint.com/regulations/cbam) explains the whole system. If a guide you use still mentions €150 per consignment, an 80% quarterly holding or a 31 May deadline, it describes the rules as they stood before this change [2](#src-2)[5](#src-5). ## What did Regulation (EU) 2025/2083 change? The table sets each change for importers and producers against the rule as first published in 2023. Most of those rules were due to apply from 1 January 2026, and this change replaced them before they did [1](#src-1)[16](#src-16). The last column gives the reason the Regulation itself states in its recitals, the numbered paragraphs at its start. A few terms come back in the table. [Embedded emissions](https://greenfineprint.com/glossary/embedded-emissions) are the emissions released in making the goods, including from the electricity used in production [11](#src-11). [Default values](https://greenfineprint.com/glossary/default-value) are figures, calculated or drawn from secondary data, that represent the embedded emissions in goods [11](#src-11). [Combined Nomenclature (CN) codes](https://greenfineprint.com/glossary/cn-code) are the EU's customs product codes [15](#src-15). The EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) is the EU's own system for trading greenhouse gas [emission allowances](https://greenfineprint.com/glossary/emission-allowance) [11](#src-11)[17](#src-17). | What changed | Before (2023 text) | Now | Why, according to the recitals | | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Small importers (Article 2a, Annex VII) \[3\]\[4\] | Goods worth €150 or less per consignment were exempt \[2\]\[18\] | An importer is exempt for a calendar year if its CBAM goods add up to 50 tonnes of net mass or less, all CN codes together \[3\]\[4\]. The exemption never covers electricity or hydrogen \[3\] | The value limit didn't make CBAM apply in proportion to each importer's emissions \[2\]. At least 99% of embedded emissions stay covered \[2\] | | Authorisation (Articles 5 and 17) \[12\]\[19\] | Every importer established in an EU country had to apply for authorisation before importing \[20\] | An importer the threshold exempts applies when it expects to exceed it \[12\]. [Indirect customs representatives](https://greenfineprint.com/glossary/indirect-customs-representative), which lodge the customs declaration on an importer's behalf, must hold the status before importing \[11\], even for exempt importers, and take on the obligations of the importers they act for \[12\]. Applicants by 31 March 2026 can keep importing until the authority decides \[19\] | Avoid a rush of applications at the start of 2026 and disruption to imports \[2\]. Make clear who declares, surrenders and pays penalties \[2\] | | Declaration and surrender (Articles 6 and 22) \[6\]\[8\] | By 31 May each year, the first time in 2027 for 2026 \[5\]\[7\] | By 30 September each year, the first time in 2027 for 2026 \[6\]\[8\]. You can let someone else submit the declaration, but you stay responsible \[12\] | More time to collect data, have emissions verified and buy certificates \[2\]. More flexibility in who submits the declaration \[2\] | | Certificate sales and price (Articles 20, 21 and 36) \[9\]\[14\]\[21\] | The rules on selling certificates were to apply from 1 January 2026 \[16\]\[22\] | Sales start on 1 February 2027 \[9\]\[14\]. Certificates for 2026 imports cost the average EU ETS auction price of the quarter in which the goods came in \[21\] | Time to prepare, with a price for 2026 imports that reflects 2026 EU ETS prices \[2\] | | Quarterly holding (Article 22) \[8\] | From 2026, at the end of each quarter, certificates for at least 80% of the emissions in the year's imports so far, at default values \[7\]\[16\] | From 2027, at least 50% \[8\]\[14\]. You count either at default values without their mark-up, or from the certificates you surrendered last year, if you import the same goods (by CN code) from the same countries of origin as in the declaration you submitted last year \[8\]. The adjustment for EU ETS allowances [allocated free of charge](https://greenfineprint.com/glossary/free-allocation) counts too \[6\]\[8\] | The Regulation calls the 80% level "insufficiently tailored to the expected financial adjustment" \[2\] | | Repurchase and cancellation (Articles 23 and 24) \[23\]\[24\] | Repurchase requests by 30 June, for at most one third of the certificates bought the year before \[25\]. Leftover certificates were cancelled on 1 July \[26\] | Requests by 31 October, up to the number the quarterly holding obliged you to buy that year, or all of them if you bought expecting to cross the threshold and didn't \[23\]. Cancellation on 1 November \[24\] | A limit closer to what declarants must buy during the year \[2\]. Cancellation follows the later deadline \[2\] | | Default values and verification (Articles 7 and 8) \[27\]\[28\] | Actual emissions, with default values where actual emissions couldn't be adequately determined and for indirect emissions \[29\]. All declared emissions had to be verified \[30\] | Actual emissions or default values \[27\]. Our reading: the declarant can choose. Only emissions based on actual values need checking by an accredited verifier \[28\] | The Commission calculates the default values, so verification applies only to actual values \[2\] | | Carbon price paid outside the EU (Article 9) \[31\] | A deduction only for a carbon price effectively paid in the country of origin \[32\] | A price effectively paid in any country outside the EU can count \[31\]. With default values, the deduction uses only yearly default carbon prices, which the Commission may make available in the CBAM registry from 2027 \[31\] | Importers found it hard to get information on the carbon price paid \[2\]. The price can be paid outside the country of origin \[2\] | | Goods covered (Annex I) \[15\] | All "other kaolinic clays" (CN 2507 00 80) counted as cement goods \[33\] | Non-calcined kaolinic clays are out \[15\] | Unlike calcined kaolinic clays, they aren't carbon-intensive \[2\] | | How emissions are counted (Article 7, Annex IV) \[27\]\[34\] | Where no reliable data existed for the exporting country, default values were based on the worst-performing EU ETS installations \[35\] | That fallback is now the average of the 10 exporting countries with the highest emission intensities \[34\]. System boundaries follow the EU ETS, so finishing steps for some steel and aluminium goods drop out \[2\]\[27\]. Only input materials (precursors) that are themselves CBAM goods and originate in countries outside the EU that aren't exempted count \[34\] | Coherence with EU ETS rules and simpler rules for producers outside the EU \[2\]. Precursors already subject to the EU ETS shouldn't count again \[2\]. A fallback that prevents [carbon leakage](https://greenfineprint.com/glossary/carbon-leakage), the move of carbon-intensive production to countries with less stringent climate policies \[2\]\[17\] | | Penalties (Article 26) \[36\] | Anyone other than an [authorised CBAM declarant](https://greenfineprint.com/glossary/authorised-cbam-declarant) who brought goods in without meeting the obligations faced three to five times the standard penalty for each certificate not surrendered \[37\]. The standard penalty is what an authorised declarant pays for each certificate it fails to surrender, equal to the EU ETS excess emissions penalty \[37\] | The same applies to an importer that crosses the threshold without authorisation, counting all that year's emissions; paying releases it from declaring and surrendering \[36\]. The authority can lower that penalty for an overshoot of 10% or less \[36\]. It can also lower the standard penalty when a producer, a verifier or the person certifying carbon price documents gave wrong information \[36\] | Allow for minor or unintentional errors and infringements \[2\] | | Registry, fees and procedure \[9\]\[11\]\[19\]\[38\] | Before granting authorisation, the authority had to consult the other EU countries' authorities and the Commission, for up to 15 working days \[39\] | That consultation is optional, for up to 15 calendar days \[19\]. Accredited verifiers register in the CBAM registry, from 1 September 2026 at the earliest \[38\]. A parent company can be the [operator](https://greenfineprint.com/glossary/cbam-operator) of an installation outside the EU \[11\]. Fees paid by declarants finance the common platform where certificates are sold \[9\] | Match the procedure to the applicant's risk \[2\]. Make registry data more reliable \[2\]. Fund the platform from fees \[2\] | ## Who is out of CBAM now? An importer whose CBAM goods add up to 50 tonnes of net mass or less in a calendar year, all CN codes together, is exempt from all CBAM obligations for that year [3](#src-3)[4](#src-4). You declare the exemption in your customs declaration [3](#src-3). Electricity and hydrogen are never exempt, because their imports differ so much from the other sectors that a mass threshold would need complex adjustments [2](#src-2)[3](#src-3). The Regulation says the vast majority of importers will be exempt, while CBAM still covers at least 99% of the emissions embedded in imports [2](#src-2). By 30 April each year, the Commission checks whether the threshold exempts no more than 1% of embedded emissions [3](#src-3). It changes the threshold only if its calculation differs by more than 15 tonnes, and a new threshold applies from 1 January of the following year [3](#src-3). Yes, the threshold takes most importers out of CBAM, but crossing it brings back every obligation for all the goods you imported that year [2](#src-2)[3](#src-3). An importer that crosses it without authorisation is liable for three to five times the standard penalty for each certificate it didn't surrender [36](#src-36). The authority can lower that penalty in some cases, such as an overshoot of 10% or less, but never below the standard penalty [36](#src-36). Our [explainer on the threshold](https://greenfineprint.com/articles/cbam-50-tonne-threshold) walks through the test, with an example. ## What should I do now? What you do depends on where your company stands under the new rules: * If you import small quantities, add up the net mass of your CBAM goods for the year; our [threshold explainer](https://greenfineprint.com/articles/cbam-50-tonne-threshold) shows how [3](#src-3). * If you expect to go over 50 tonnes, you must apply for authorisation and hold the status before you do; our guide to [becoming an authorised CBAM declarant](https://greenfineprint.com/articles/cbam-authorised-declarant) covers the application [2](#src-2)[4](#src-4)[12](#src-12). * If you are above the threshold, you need to plan for buying certificates from 1 February 2027 and holding 50% each quarter; our [certificates explainer](https://greenfineprint.com/articles/cbam-certificates-price-cost) sets out the calendar and the cost [8](#src-8)[9](#src-9). * If you are deciding between default values and actual emissions, our [explainer on embedded emissions](https://greenfineprint.com/articles/cbam-default-values-actual-emissions) sets out the choice and what to ask suppliers [27](#src-27). * If you produce outside the EU, our guide for [producers and exporters outside the EU](https://greenfineprint.com/articles/cbam-non-eu-producers-exporters) covers registration, verification and sharing data with buyers [13](#src-13). This is general information, not legal advice. For decisions about your company, check with a lawyer or adviser. ## Is more change coming? A separate Commission proposal, COM(2025) 989, would extend CBAM to downstream goods and add measures against circumvention [17](#src-17). It is a proposal, not law, and nothing in it applies until it is adopted. Our Decode on [the downstream proposal](https://greenfineprint.com/articles/cbam-downstream-products-extension) follows where it stands. ## References 1. [Cellar record: publication and entry-into-force dates of Regulations (EU) 2023/956 and 2025/2083](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956) · Publications Office of the European Union (Cellar) OFFICIAL 2. [CBAM simplification (Regulation (EU) 2025/2083), recitals 2, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29, 31, 32, 33 and 35](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32025R2083#rct%5F2) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 3. [CBAM Regulation, Article 2a](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F2a) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 4. [CBAM Regulation, Annex VII](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#anx%5FVII) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 5. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Article 6](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#art%5F6) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 6. [CBAM Regulation, Article 6](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F6) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 7. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Article 22](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#art%5F22) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 8. [CBAM Regulation, Article 22](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F22) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 9. [CBAM Regulation, Article 20](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F20) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 10. [CBAM Regulation, Article 2](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F2) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 11. [CBAM Regulation, Article 3](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F3) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 12. [CBAM Regulation, Article 5](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F5) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 13. [CBAM Regulation, Article 10](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F10) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 14. [CBAM Regulation, Article 36](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F36) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 15. [CBAM Regulation, Annex I](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#anx%5FI) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 16. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Article 36](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#art%5F36) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 17. [Commission proposal COM(2025) 989](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:52025PC0989) · European Commission OFFICIAL 18. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Article 2](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#art%5F2) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 19. [CBAM Regulation, Article 17](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F17) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 20. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Article 5](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#art%5F5) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 21. [CBAM Regulation, Article 21](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F21) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 22. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Article 20](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#art%5F20) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 23. [CBAM Regulation, Article 23](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F23) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 24. [CBAM Regulation, Article 24](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F24) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 25. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Article 23](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#art%5F23) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 26. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Article 24](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#art%5F24) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 27. [CBAM Regulation, Article 7](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F7) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 28. [CBAM Regulation, Article 8](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F8) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 29. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Article 7](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#art%5F7) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 30. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Article 8](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#art%5F8) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 31. [CBAM Regulation, Article 9](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F9) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 32. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Article 9](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#art%5F9) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 33. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Annex I](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#anx%5FI) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 34. [CBAM Regulation, Annex IV](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#anx%5FIV) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 35. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Annex IV](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#anx%5FIV) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 36. [CBAM Regulation, Article 26](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:02023R0956-20251020#art%5F26) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 37. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Article 26](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#art%5F26) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 38. [CBAM simplification (Regulation (EU) 2025/2083), Article 1](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32025R2083#art%5F1) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL 39. [CBAM Regulation as first published (2023), Article 17](https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32023R0956#art%5F17) · EUR-Lex OFFICIAL [Clara Christ](https://greenfineprint.com/editors/clara-christ) [Cenker Karagöz](https://greenfineprint.com/editors/cenker-karagoz) ## More on CBAM [Open the CBAM hub →](https://greenfineprint.com/regulations/cbam) REGULATION (EU) 2023/956 In force Change pending ### [EU CBAM authorised declarant: how to apply, or use a customs representative](https://greenfineprint.com/articles/cbam-authorised-declarant) Beyond the 50-tonne exemption, only authorised declarants can import CBAM goods into the EU. How to apply, the guarantee, and the representative route. 9 min read REGULATION (EU) 2023/956 In force Change pending ### [EU CBAM certificate price: how certificates work and what they cost](https://greenfineprint.com/articles/cbam-certificates-price-cost) How the EU CBAM certificate price is set, when you can buy, the 50% quarterly holding rule, surrender by 30 September 2027, and a worked cost example. 10 min read REGULATION (EU) 2023/956 In force Change pending ### [EU CBAM default values or actual emissions: which to use, and how embedded emissions are calculated](https://greenfineprint.com/articles/cbam-default-values-actual-emissions) Under the EU CBAM, you declare embedded emissions from verified supplier data or from default values with a mark-up. 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